
“Never be with indoors when you can rightly be without” is a common quote we hear in Charlotte Mason circles. But what are we supposed to be doing in all these hours outdoors? In today’s podcast episode we discuss the invaluable groundwork for Science that is laid in the early years before formal lessons begin.
Listen Now:

Charlotte Mason, Volume 6 (Amazon) (Living Book Press – use code DELECTABLE for 10% off!)
Also referenced in this episode is Volume 1 – (Amazon) (LBP, same code applies)
ADE Season 12 Reading Schedule
List of Nature Lore Books from Sabbath Mood Homeschool
Handbook of Nature Study by Comstock

Emily
Welcome to A Delectable Education, the podcast that spreads the feast of the Charlotte Mason Method. I’m Emily Kiser and I’m here with…
Nicole
…Nicole Williams…
Liz
…and Liz Cottrill.
Emily
And last week we looked at the overview of Science, so let’s zoom in and really look at its development at each stage of a child’s life.
First, the book of Nature is one that we do not wait until formal lessons to introduce the child to. We want them to know intimately the wonders of the world around them from a very young age.
So, Nicole, can you tell us what Science and Nature Study look like in the early years before a child starts school?
Nicole
Yes.
Emily
Before. So, like you can start this at day one.
Nicole
Yes, yep.
So the early years is really where, like you say, the child’s scientific education starts. And the scope and sequence is simple. Get them outside. And let nature do the teaching. Most of the hours are simply for free play, and just letting them discover the things for themselves with the parent practicing what Charlotte Mason calls masterly inactivity. This is where we see a lot of her explanation of it, even though that is a broader thing, but it’s kind of begun here. You, keeping to yourself, letting the children commune with nature on their own terms.
Then here and there in the day you weave in a few little activities, and there’s no rigid sequence to these. It’s more of a menu for you to draw from as you see something is needed. There are five of them to keep in mind.
The first is called Sightseeing, and this is where you send the children off to notice everything they can about a spot, say “a hedge or a brook, a cottage on the hill,” she says. I don’t know if you have cottages on your hills, but something like that. And then they are supposed to come back and tell you everything they can remember. And so in 10 or 15 minutes, you’re training their powers of observation and their vocabulary. A lot of this early stuff is them trying to find words to explain what they are seeing. And really the habit also of telling back accurately. There’s this whole thing that she talks about in volume one that’s about no, there’s not a thousand of those, tell me what you actually saw and just being…she has as truthful in it, but it has more to do with accurately describing what they see.
So the second thing is Picture Painting. And this is where the child, and you do it with them, but you look at a bit of landscape and you’re really committing that to memory. So the child looks at it and closes their eyes and looks again, you know, I can’t remember what’s over here.
And then she says the parent can help a little bit. So like if you’re looking at a lake, you might point out I see the reflection of the trees on the lake. So you’re helping them to observe more than they maybe would on their own, and they’re really committing a piece of that to memory. And this is just an occasional thing, but Miss Mason said it’s well worth giving the children the habit of getting a bit of landscape by heart, which was really fun.
The third thing is Bird Stalking. This is so funny. I always teased that we needed to do nature sits more than we need to do nature walks because when we walk we scare everything off. Especially when the kids are little.
Emily
That’s true.
Nicole
But she talks about this time in which you would hear a bird, and you might have to just sit and be quiet for that for a minute, and you hear a bird, and then you would kind of creep and stalk that bird until you could see it in the trees where it was at.
One thing I love about this is there are a lot of bird types that live only up in the trees. They don’t come to your feeder, they’re not eating off the ground. And if you don’t look up, you’re not going to see these kinds of birds. Lots of the warblers and things like that. And so this was a really good practice for them to do.
And she said that when they reach that bird, when they discover it, that it is a possession for life. They’ve kind of made that connection.
Liz
And they usually scare it away.
Nicole
Yeah.
Emily
I remember my first bird stalking. I was probably 28, 29 years old. And I don’t think I ever realized that female cardinals look different than the males.
Liz
Oh goodness.
Emily
And I saw this bird and I’m like, what is that bright orange beak? And I just kept, like it was on the ground, you know, and it was flitting from one part of undergrowth to the next and creeping along. But I got it in my mind and when I went back to my field guide, I was like, this is not a new bird, but I had never realized it.
Nicole
Yeah. Yeah. There’s people, friends of ours, who take bird photographs and they are always including pictures that I think I never see that bird. I never see that bird. And what it is is they are really looking for the birds. They’re not just having them in passing, you know.
And I would also note that this is a great activity for winter.
Emily
Yes.
Nicole
Because there’s not leaves in the trees a lot of times, and so they’re easier to see, and there’s fewer birds. So a child can really get a handle on a handle on birds that they make acquaintance with before more come back.
Emily
And where we live in the southeastern United States, you know, in the summer in Michigan, lots of birds summer. That’s like their end migration, is up north. They don’t want it where it’s too hot. And in the winter they don’t see as many. We kind of have a lot of those northern migrants that are here in the winter that we don’t see the rest of the year because they fly north.
Liz
Or we see them as they’re passing by on their way back and forth.
Nicole
I discovered a whole new bird this winter that only comes for the winter and it’s a gull that lives out on the lake.
Emily
Oh wow.
Nicole
Yeah. It was really fun.
So okay, the fourth is an Object Lesson. And this was really fun. So lots of you have heard me talk about object lessons before, but these early ones you do with the little kids, Charlotte Mason says that the little kids just float from one thing to another like a butterfly, never staying long enough to truly know any of it. And she says it’s the mother’s part to build that habit of attention.
So she gives an example, and this is also in volume one. She talks about little Margaret and her daisy. And instead of letting it be just tossed aside, the mother helps her see it as a bright yellow eye with white lashes. She says it’s the day’s eye that opens to the sun and shuts at night. And now Margaret has looked long enough to really know the thing.
Emily
So these are so just not like fully drawing, but you’re just trying to help extend their attention.
Nicole
Yeah, just wait just a minute, look a little closer, tell a little story if you got one you can come up with just to get them to hold that attention just a bit longer. And I just can’t tell you how valuable this can be to prepare them when it’s lesson time. Kind of learn to look a little closer and just stop their attention for a minute.
Emily
Think about it a little bit more than just a passing acquaintance.
Nicole
Right.
So the fifth one is not necessarily while we’re outside, but to coordinate with these activities that I’ve already mentioned is that they can already be keeping a Nature Notebook. So Miss Mason said to begin as soon as the child can keep it himself, which there’s kind of a caveat to that because she says the mother taking dictation while the writing is a labor for the child, and by five or six, he starts adding his own drawings. So you’re thinking, okay, just do the math on that. That nature notebook could be kept with a four-year-old, maybe a three-year-old, you know, like if they have anything they noticed…
Emily
…if Mom is writing it down.
Nicole
Right. So, and then also you can be keeping a family calendar or diary, and that is just a shared record of firsts, and this can be done in any way just on an old calendar or a list and it helps the child to recognize, she says
…the first oak-leaf, the first tadpole, the first cowslip, the first catkin, the first ripe blackberries, where seen, and when. The next year they will know when and where to look out for their favourites. (1.54)
So really woven all through this is a simple pointing out of beauty also.
And there is again a caveat to this that she says just it was every so often to point out the beauty that–
Emily
We don’t want to be a barrage of deadening that for them
Nicole
Exactly.
Liz
And every time you’re outside, you’re constantly going look at this, look at the cat…
Nicole
Exactly. That’s very hard for us Charlotte Mason moms who also get very taken with nature. But we want to make sure that we’re kind of holding ourselves back a little bit and just–
Liz
More is not more.
Nicole
Yeah.
Emily
Yep.
Well, I always talk about the lesson format. So obviously in these early years, the lessons are not a set amount of time. They’re not a set amount of frequency.
Liz
By the way.
Emily
They’re by the way, during these hours daily in the out of doors. Charlotte Mason says
not two, but four, five, or six hours they should have on every tolerably fine day, from April till October. (1.44)
Obviously, adjust that for your climate, your location. Here, we could go a lot earlier than April and go a lot later than October most years.
Nicole
Might want to take off July.
Emily
Yes, when I don’t want spend six hours outside, you know.
Nicole
Exactly.
Emily
But it is in this context of this quote that Charlotte Mason says that she speaks of
not what is practicable in any household, but what seems to me absolutely best for the children; and that, in the faith that mothers work wonders once they are convinced that wonders are demanded of them. (1.44)
So whatever you need to do to make it happen, you need to be spending hours outdoors.
And then those things that Nicole just itemized, those are just a fraction and not every day, all of them. Like probably one at most every day, right? The goal is play and games. But again, to try to think about, we can do an observational exercise like a sightseeing or a picture painting. But they should be learning to know by sight the plants and animals, the weather, too, the stars, even of your own neighborhood, all those things that they can actually see around them.
And Charlotte Mason’s very adamant, this is not a place for us to lecture, right? To follow the child’s lead, if they show an interest in the daisy, to then maybe use that as our opening to say a little bit more.
But Charlotte Mason does give us a lot that we need to prepare at this age. So if this is a new field for you, Charlotte Mason said
there is no sort of knowledge to be got in these early years so valuable to children as that which they get for themselves of the world they live in. Let them once get touch with Nature, and a habit is formed which will be a source of delight through life. (1.61)
So they need this knowledge. So just to lay that out as our kind of requirement or our goal, it’s their duty to do that so we have a duty to come alongside them and help them grow in this.
So as far as our preparation, our duty is to learn about nature ourselves. Charlotte Mason said that
The mother cannot devote herself too much to this kind of reading, not only that she may read tit-bits to her children about matters they have come across–
So again, this is not just telling them things we find interesting, but things they’ve already observed for themselves–
but that she may be able to answer their queries and direct their observations. (1.64)
So Nicole on your website, and we will throw a link to a great page to start in the show notes, but you have lists of all kinds of books that help a mother who has maybe not any of this knowledge for themselves.
But then of course the gold standard among us Charlotte Mason educators is Anna Botsford Comstock’s Handbook of Nature Study. And that little tidbit about the day’s eye is something that is very similar to what you will find in the pages of this. It looks very daunting.
Liz
Like an encyclopedia.
Emily
There is a very short 20 page-ish introduction about teaching Nature Study. And then the rest of the book is divided into classes of things and comments. So find something that you can see in your yard and you as a mom read up about it. There are object lessons in here. You don’t even have to, you can ask one of those questions, maybe if it’s something that your child knows. But if they do come to you and want to know more, this is how you stock your knowledge to supply those answers.
Nicole
And each specific thing is usually like two pages, three pages.
Emily
With pictures.
Nicole
It’s small.
Emily
Yeah, it’s small.
So this again is not the time of a child’s education to do a lot of direct teaching and not a lot of object lessons. And again, when you think about what we talk about object lessons, and we will cover in future episodes here, it’s very, very gentle at this stage.
But the principle to keep in mind is again that those observations and interests that they have made, that they are curious about and wonder about, that is what is dictating what we share with them and when.
And I would just direct you as a final resource, it really can be your handbook for child rearing at this age, is the Out of Door Life of Children section in Volume one. And that is included on your reading schedule if you’re following along with us this season.
So, what questions do people ask at this stage?
Liz
I think a lot of moms feel pretty daunted, especially if they didn’t learn a lot about nature themselves growing up, which is pretty common in our machine technology type of culture that we grow up in. We might watch nature documentaries on TV, but actually going out and smelling and looking and hearing and all of that. I think a lot of moms have asked me, how do I direct my child’s attention if I am so unfamiliar with nature myself? How can I interest them without having any background?
And I will just say that your children are your best resource, they are naturally curious. If you go out, they’re going to wonder about everything they see because they do that in your kitchen too, right? So if you begin to just look at things the way they do, they’re going to follow your suit. And if you stoop and just take a moment to look more closely at a bush or an insect crawling in the grass, they’re going to be right there at your elbow wanting to do it too. And just start observing yourself.
Let your knowledge build slowly. I mean, you have to start somewhere. And it is okay to not know anything. Neither did your children when they were born. But they are willing and unafraid because the whole world is new and unfamiliar to them. So follow their example.
Emily
Yeah. So good.
Nicole
It reminds me that we are really learning along with our kids in a lot of ways.
Liz
Yes.
Nicole
And often we’ll say, the book is the teacher, you can just learn with your kid. But in what we’re talking about today, nature is the teacher in a lot of ways. And we are learning along with them, just keeping that curiosity open.
Emily
We hope you’re inspired to head out of doors with your young students and begin a lifelong habit of noticing and observing the amazing world just outside our front door. There is no better time to begin to look at nature with awe and wonder than today.
Next week we’ll start to look at Science and Nature Study for Form 1 students, so in those first three years of their formal lessons. We hope you’ll join us then.








